WRc assisted the water industry identify cost-effective catchment based approaches to managing risks from metaldehyde. Drawing on monitoring, modelling and anecdotal evidence, the project undertook a comprehensive national evaluation of the effectiveness of alternative measures for reducing pesticide losses from fields and farmyards and compared voluntary, financial and legislative mechanisms for delivering catchment schemes. The pros and cons of spot sampling, online instruments and passive samplers for monitoring metaldehyde were also reviewed.